PHRASES AND CLAUSES
PHRASE:
1. A phrase is a unit of grammar
2. A phrase may consist of one word or more than ne word
There
are 5 kinds of phrase in English:
1. A noun phrase: generally
has a noun (or pronoun) as its main word
Example:
a.
I eat cereal in
bowl.
b.
I came in Adila’s
party yesterday.
c.
His
story was interesting.
2. A
verb phrase: generally has a main verb
as its main word
Example:
a. The watch was repaired.
b. They were visited by their friend.
c. I have
been asking for a raise for ten years.
3. A
prepositional phrase: has a preposition as its first word
Example:
a. I go home at twelve o’clock.
b. My mother prepares for lunch.
c. They visited their uncle at eight o’clock.
4. An
adjective phrase: has an adjective as its main word
Example:
a. Bella was so happy today.
b. The test is too easy for that boy.
c. His clothes is full of holes.
5. An
adverb phrase: has an adverb as its main word
Example:
a.
I can finish my
work as quickly as possible.
b.
That boy comes much
later than me.
c.
They can speak
English fluenty.
CLAUSE:
1. Clauses
are the main structure of which sentences are built
2. A
sentence contains at least one main clause. It may also contain subordinate
clauses
Main
clauses:
Main
clauses are divided into these types:
Types
examples
Statements we are lucky
Questions why don’t you do your assigment?
Imperatives don’t be arrogant
Exclamations what a surprise you gave me!
Subordinate
clauses:
1. Adverbial
clause
Meaning : Conjunctions which begins the clause
Time : After, before, as, once, since, until, when,
whenever, while Condition : If, unless
Contrast : Although, whereas, while
Reason and cause : Because, since, as
Place : Where, wherever
2. Comment
clause
It is a small CLAUSE which adds a
comment to what is said in the MAIN CLAUSE or in the rest of the sentence
Example:
a. I guess
that the question of the test is easy.
b. Ferdi’s wife is a doctor, I believe.
c. As you know,
I always think about him.
The comment clause can occur in front,
end, and middle positions in the main clause.
3. Comparative
clause
There are two kinds of comparative
clause:
a. Clauses
beginning with AS (= as-clauses). These describe an equal comparison
Example:
The
jacket costs is $100
The trouser
costs is $100
So,
the trouser costs as much as the jacket
b. Clauses
beginning with THAN (= than-clauses). These describe an unequal comparison
Example:
The cloth costs is $150
The shoes costs is $100
So,
the cloth costs more than the shoes
4. Noun
clause
There are 4 main kinds of noun cause in
English:
1. That-clause.
E.g. I
believe that you can do your business
2. Wh-clause.
E.g. what I believe is no business of
yours
3. Infinite
clause. E.g. Our plan is to finish our study.
4. –ing
clause. E.g you are in danger of making
a bad mistake
5. Relative
clause
·
Who
·
Which
·
Where, etc.
